CD160 is expressed in NK cells, CD8+ T cells, TCRαβ+ and TCRγδ+ intraepithelial lymphocytes in the intestine, and skin resident CD4+ CD8αα+ cytotoxic T cells that stimulates effector function following engagement by its ligands. Engagement of CD160 recruits PI3K to activate the lytic cascade. CD160 is a promiscuous receptor that binds a variety of ligands including MHC class 1a and 1b molecules HLA-C, soluble HLA-G, HLA-A2, HLA-B7, and HLA-E, as well as the herpesvirus entry mediator protein. It plays a crucial role in the activation of NK-cell cytotoxicity and cytokine production. It also modulates the immune system and is involved in some pathologies, such as cancer. CD160 is also expressed by some subsets of T cells and activated endothelial cells, in which it regulates cell activation and apoptosis, respectively. Thus, CD160 is involved in antitumor immunity and protection during chronic infections. CD160 has been reported to be involved in the development of some pathologies, including autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, retinal vascular diseases, chronic viral infections, and cancer.
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