RPA32, also known as the 32 kDa subunit of Replication Protein A (RPA), is an essential component of the RPA complex. RPA is a highly conserved single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein in eukaryotes, composed of three subunits: RPA70, RPA32, and RPA14. RPA32 binds to ssDNA during DNA replication and repair, and plays a crucial role in DNA damage response. Particularly, the phosphorylation of threonine 21 (Thr21) in RPA32 is vital for effective DNA repair, especially in homologous recombination (HR), as it enhances RPA's binding affinity to ssDNA and promotes the recruitment of Rad51, a key player in HR that contributes to genomic stability.
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