CD45 is an
evolutionary highly conserved receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase exclusively
expressed on all nucleated cells of the hematopoietic system. It is characterized
by the expression of several isoforms, specific to a certain cell type and the
developmental or activation status of the cell. CD45 is one of the key players
in the initiation of T cell receptor signaling by controlling the activation of
the Src family protein-tyrosine kinases Lck and Fyn. CD45 deficiency results in
T- and B-lymphocyte dysfunction in the form of severe combined immune
deficiency. It also plays a significant role in autoimmune diseases and cancer
as well as in infectious diseases including fungal infections. The knowledge
collected on CD45 biology is rather vast, but it remains unclear whether all
findings in rodent immune cells also apply to human CD45.
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