Synaptotagmin-1 (SYT1) is a crucial calcium sensor protein predominantly located in the presynaptic terminals of neurons. It plays a vital role in the process of neurotransmitter release by facilitating the rapid and precise fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. When an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal, the influx of calcium ions triggers conformational changes in SYT1, which then interacts with key components of the fusion machinery, such as SNARE proteins, to initiate the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. This protein is essential for maintaining proper synaptic function and ensuring efficient communication between neurons in the nervous system.
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