EGR1 protein, also known as Early Growth Response 1 or NGFI-A, is a mammalian transcription factor encoded by the EGR1 gene. It belongs to the EGR family of Cys2His2-type zinc finger proteins and acts as a nuclear protein regulating transcription. EGR1 plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. It is involved in the regulation of multiple genes, some of which are tumor suppressors like TGF尾1, p53, and PTEN. However, its role in cancer is complex; while it is overexpressed in some cancers like colorectal and gastric cancer, leading to poor prognosis, it also acts as a tumor suppressor in others, such as rhabdomyosarcoma. Additionally, EGR1 is implicated in neuronal plasticity and cardiovascular diseases.
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