Phospho-RAB10 (Thr73) is a phosphorylated form of the Rab10 protein, specifically at the threonine 73 residue, which is primarily mediated by Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). This phosphorylation plays a crucial role in regulating RAB10's interactions with various effector proteins, affecting processes such as vesicle transport and ciliogenesis. In the context of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease (PD), RAB10 and its phosphorylated form pRab10 are expressed in brain regions affected by PD, including the substantia nigra, striatum, and cortex. At the subcellular level, while Rab10 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and late endosomes, pRab10 is notably enriched at the presynaptic terminal, suggesting a role in synaptic vesicle trafficking. The phosphorylation of Rab10 by LRRK2 is implicated in the pathogenesis of PD, as increased kinase activity of the G2019S-LRRK2 mutation leads to hyper-phosphorylation of Rab10, potentially affecting neuronal function and contributing to neurodegeneration.
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