Cluster of Differentiation 31 (CD31), also known as Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (PECAM-1), is a 130-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein. It is expressed by a variety of cell types including endothelial cells, platelets, macrophages, Kupffer cells, granulocytes, T/NK cells, lymphocytes, megakaryocytes, osteoclasts, and neutrophils. CD31 is also found in certain tumors and is the sole CAM family member present on platelets.
CD31 is pivotal in the clearance of aged neutrophils and in the process of tissue regeneration. The protein facilitates cell adhesion through homotypic or heterotypic interactions, either by binding to itself or by engaging with the leukocyte integrin αvβ3. These properties enable CD31 to contribute to neutrophil recruitment during inflammatory responses and to the transendothelial migration of leukocytes. Additionally, CD31 plays a significant role in cardiovascular development.
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