FGF-R2(IIIb) (fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, isoform IIIb) is a tyrosine kinase receptor present in many types of epithelial cells. This receptor is recognized and activated by specific peptide growth factors (Fgf1, Fgf3, Fgf7 and Fgf10) expressed in the mesenchyme. Interactions of Fgfr2 with its cognate ligands mediate epithelium-mesenchyme cross-talk and are involved in important processes of organogenesis. Within the gonad, the isoform FGFR2c acts as the receptor for FGF9 in order to suppress ovarian gene expression (WNT4). Its expression, like FGF9, is regulated by SOX9. FGFR2 mutations have been associated with multiple syndromes including Crouzon syndrome, Jackson–Weiss syndrome, LADD syndrome and Pfeiffer syndrome. FGFR-2 is also found in a wide variety of cell types and tissues and was first identified as an amplified gene from a human gastric cancer cell line. Amplification of Fgfr2 on chromosome 10q26 is observed in about 10% of gastric cancers, as well as in breast and oral squamous cell carcinomas.
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