CD39 is also known as Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1, ENTPD1, NTPDase 1, Ecto-ATPDase 1, in the nervous system, could hydrolyze ATP and other nucleotides to regulate purinergic neurotransmission. Could also be implicated in the prevention of platelet aggregation by hydrolyzing platelet-activating ADP to AMP. Hydrolyzes ATP and ADP equally well. NTPDase-1 was originally described as CD39, a B lymphocyte cell surface marker, but it is also present on the surface of natural killer cells, T cells, and some endothelial cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) mediate immunosuppression through multiple, non-redundant, cell-contact dependent and independent mechanisms, a growing body of evidence suggests an important role for the CD39-CD73-adenosine pathway. CD39 ectonucleotidase is the rate-limiting enzyme of a cascade leading to the generation of suppressive adenosine that alters CD4 and CD8 T cell and natural killer cell antitumor activities.
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