TROP-2, also referred to as tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2), GA733-1 or M1S1, is a cell surface glycoprotein highly expressed in a wide variety of epi. The human TROP-2 protein consists of a putative 26 amino acid (aa) signal sequence, a 248 aa extracellular domain, a 23 aa transmembrane region and a 26 aa cytoplasmic domain. TROP-2 is capable of transducing an intracellular calcium signal and may play a role in tumor growth. It also has adhesive functions. TROP2 contains not only a conserved PIP2 binding domain but also a serine phosphorylation site that can interact with PKC.TROP2 is a gene closely related to cancer. It can promote the growth, proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells by regulating the calcium ion signaling pathway, the expression of cyclin and reducing the adhesion of fibrin. TROP-2 protein can be cleaved by the TACE/PS-1/PS-2 protein complex, and its intracellular domain (ICD) can be relocated into the nucleus to bind to β-catenin protein, regulate downstream gene transcription, and promote cell proliferation and metabolism.
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