CXCL1 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1), also known as GRO alpha, NAP-3 or MGSA, belongs to the sub-family of CXC chemokine. In general, CXCL1 levels are extremely low under normal physiological conditions and significantly elevated under inflammatory conditions. CXCL1 acts as a key chemoattractant for neutrophils by binding specifically to its corresponding G-protein-coupled receptor CXCR2. CXCL1 regulates angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and wound healing. In addition to increasing proliferation, CXCL1 also induces cancer cell migration, particularly EMT.Produced by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), CXCL1 enables tumor cell migration into the lymphatic vessels during lymphangiogenesis, leading to lymph node metastasis.
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