Chemokines are small proteins (8–10 kDa) which direct the movement of leukocytes, including hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and can mobilize hematopoietic cells from marrow to peripheral blood where they can be used for transplantation，specialized in attracting inflammatory and structural cells to the sites of injury. GROs belong to the CXC family of chemokines bearing motif, glutamic acid, leucine, and arginine (R). In addition to GROs, this family also comprises epithelium-derived neutrophil activating peptide 78 (CXCL5), granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 (CXCL6), neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (CXCL7), and IL-8 (CXCL8). CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL3 are well known as powerful neutrophil chemoattractants and are involved in cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, and wound healing. Recently, GROs have been postulated to play a role in asthma severity and asthmatic airway remodeling.
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