Fractalkine or Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 belongs to the CX3C subgroup of chemokines, characterized by the number of amino acids located between the conserved cysteine residues. CX3CL1 exists in two forms: a membrane-bound form expressed by both endometrium cells and trophoblasts thought to be implicated in maternal-fetal interaction and a soluble form expressed by endometrium cells. This is the only member of the CX3C subgroup, which contains three amino acids between cysteine residues, resulting in a Cys-X-X-X-Cys configuration. Since the discovery of CX3CL1 and its receptor, CX3CR1 over twenty years ago, a wealth of evidence has emerged linking CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signalling to renal pathologies in both acute and chronic kidney diseases (CKD). CX3CL1 mitigates the negative effect of iron deficiency on the receptivity-related genes and proteins of HEC-1A endometrium cells, suggesting its important role in the regulation of endometrium receptivity.
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