Histone H3 (di-methyl K79), or H3K79me2, is an epigenetic modification where lysine 79 on the histone H3 protein is dimethylated. This mark is primarily deposited by the methyltransferase DOT1L and plays a crucial role in transcriptional regulation, DNA damage repair, and cell cycle progression. H3K79me2 is associated with active gene transcription, particularly at promoter and enhancer regions, and is implicated in maintaining chromatin structure during development and differentiation. Dysregulation of H3K79 methylation is linked to cancers such as leukemia, where aberrant DOT1L activity drives oncogenic gene expression. Additionally, H3K79me2 serves as a recognition site for chromatin-binding proteins, influencing processes like DNA replication and stem cell maintenance. Its dynamic regulation makes it a potential therapeutic target in epigenetic-based diseases.
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