Tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP2), also known as Dopachrome tautomerase (DCT), is a key enzyme in the melanin biosynthetic pathway, primarily expressed in melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells. It is a member of the tyrosinase-related protein family and plays a crucial role in melanogenesis by converting Dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA), which is further oxidized to form melanin. This enzyme not only influences the quality and solubility of melanin but also contributes to cellular detoxification and stress resistance by modulating the production of cytotoxic and antioxidant melanin precursors. Additionally, DCT has been implicated in various biological processes, including protection against UV radiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage in melanocytes. Mutations in the DCT gene can lead to oculocutaneous albinism type VIII (OCA8), highlighting its importance in pigmentation.
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