PGC-1尾 (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1 beta) is a transcriptional coactivator that plays a crucial role in regulating cellular energy metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, and lipid homeostasis. It shares significant functional overlap with its more extensively studied counterpart, PGC-1伪, but has distinct roles in specific tissues. PGC-1尾 is involved in enhancing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in mitochondria, thereby supporting cellular energy production. In diseases such as cancer, PGC-1尾 can have dual effects; for instance, in colorectal cancer, it acts as a downstream effector of oncogenic pathways, promoting cell survival and tumor growth. In hepatocellular carcinoma, PGC-1尾 can both support tumor anabolism by regulating lipid synthesis and contribute to drug resistance through mitochondrial adaptations. Its complex interactions with various transcription factors and metabolic pathways highlight its importance in both physiological and pathological contexts.
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