Poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) is a widely conserved RNA-binding protein in eukaryotic cells that binds to the poly(A) tail of mRNA through its RNA recognition motifs (RRMs). PABP plays a crucial role in translation regulation, mRNA stability, and degradation. By interacting with the translation initiation factor eIF4G, PABP enhances ribosomal recruitment and translation initiation efficiency while protecting the poly(A) tail from degradation. Additionally, PABP is involved in mRNA storage, nucleocytoplasmic transport, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), and miRNA-mediated translational repression. During cellular stress and viral infections, PABP's function can be modulated; for example, the influenza virus NS1 protein can bind to PABP to inhibit its activity. Dysregulation of PABP expression and function has been implicated in various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic diseases, and cancer.
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