Lamin A/C is a crucial component of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous network that lines the inner nuclear membrane. Encoded by the LMNA gene, lamin A/C is an intermediate filament protein that plays a significant role in maintaining the structural integrity and mechanical stability of the nucleus. Beyond its structural function, lamin A/C is involved in a variety of cellular processes, including DNA replication, gene transcription regulation, and cell differentiation. It interacts with numerous proteins and genomic regions, influencing gene expression by modulating the accessibility of DNA to transcription factors. Mutations in the LMNA gene can lead to a group of diseases known as laminopathies, which include muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and progeria, a premature aging syndrome. These mutations often disrupt the normal function of lamin A/C, causing cellular dysfunction and tissue-specific pathologies.
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