SPTA1 protein, also known as spectrin alpha, erythrocytic 1, is a member of the spectrin family of molecular scaffold proteins that link the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton. It plays a crucial role in determining cell shape, arranging transmembrane proteins, and organizing organelles. Primarily composed of 22 spectrin repeats involved in dimer formation, SPTA1 is a component of the erythrocyte plasma membrane and is essential for maintaining the structural integrity of red blood cells. Mutations in the SPTA1 gene can lead to various hereditary red blood cell disorders, such as elliptocytosis-2, pyropoikilocytosis, and spherocytosis, type 3. Additionally, SPTA1 expression has been linked to treatment and survival outcomes in colorectal cancer, with high levels of SPTA1 protein and mRNA associating with favorable survival outcomes and potentially predicting patient responses to chemotherapy.
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