Talin-1 protein, also known as TLN1, is a crucial cytoskeletal protein that plays a significant role in cell adhesion, migration, and mechanotransduction. It is the primary activator of integrins, linking the cytoplasmic domain of integrins to the actin cytoskeleton to form focal adhesions, which are essential for cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Talin-1 is composed of an N-terminal FERM domain and a C-terminal rod domain, which includes multiple helical bundles and a dimerization domain. This protein is mechanosensitive, allowing it to unfold in response to mechanical stress and reveal various binding sites, thus converting mechanical signals into chemical signals through multiple signaling pathways. Talin-1 is also implicated in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation by modulating integrin activity and participating in both 'inside-out' and 'outside-in' signaling.
Its expression levels vary across different tumor types and have been associated with cancer progression and tumorigenesis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target in oncology.
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