Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13), also known as collagenase-3, is a key enzyme involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, particularly fibrillar collagens such as types I, II, and III. It plays a crucial role in physiological processes like tissue remodeling, wound healing, cartilage degradation, bone development, and bone mineralization. MMP13 is highly active with soluble type II collagen and is also capable of degrading other ECM components like fibronectin, TNC, and ACAN. Its function extends to the activation or degradation of regulatory proteins such as TGFB1 and CCN2, which are important in wound healing and cell migration. In the context of disease, MMP13 is implicated in cancer progression, where it contributes to tumor growth, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and angiogenesis. Overexpression of MMP13 has been associated with various cancers, and it is considered a potential therapeutic target. Additionally, mutations in the MMP13 gene are linked to skeletal dysplasias, such as spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia. The protein is regulated by various signaling components and microRNAs, which play a role in bone metabolism and disease progression.
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