Integrin alpha V (αV) is a subunit that pairs with various beta subunits to form different integrin heterodimers, each with distinct functions. Integrin αV plays a role in cell adhesion, migration, and signaling, particularly in processes such as angiogenesis, extracellular matrix (ECM) regulation, and cell survival. It binds to various ligands including vitronectin, fibronectin, osteopontin, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). In the context of immune response, integrin αV has been implicated in the regulation of monocyte, macrophage, and neutrophil migration, as well as dendritic cell and macrophage phagocytosis, which are crucial for inflammation progression. Additionally, integrin αV has been associated with the promotion of local invasion and metastasis in neoplastic cells, highlighting its role in cancer progression. Overall, integrin αV is a key player in cellular interactions with the ECM and in the modulation of immune and cancer-related processes.
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