Seipin protein is a transmembrane protein that plays a crucial role in the biogenesis of lipid droplets (LDs). It directly affects cellular lipid homeostasis by regulating the mechanisms of fatty acid synthesis, phosphatidic acid (PA) metabolism, or sphingolipid production. Seipin mediates the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and regulates lipolysis. Seipin has an evolutionarily conserved role in the biogenesis and degradation of lipid droplets across different species. The absence of Seipin can lead to severe diseases, including the genetic disorder Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2 (CGL2).
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