Syntenin is a multifunctional intracellular adaptor protein that plays a crucial role in various signaling pathways and cellular functions. It is composed of two adjacent tandem PDZ (PSD-95/Discs large/Zonula occludens-1) domains, which recognize multiple peptide motifs with low to moderate affinity. Syntenin interacts with a plethora of proteins, regulating the architecture of the cell membrane. Increases in Syntenin levels can induce the metastasis of tumor cells, neurite protrusion in neuronal cells, and exosome biogenesis in various cell types. It is also involved in the subcellular trafficking of binding partners during endocytic and exocytic events. Additionally, syntenin interacts with the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), which influences its localization and function at the plasma membrane. Furthermore, syntenin is involved in the regulation of exosome biogenesis, which is a key process in intercellular communication, including neuron-neuron, neuron-glia, and glia-glia crosstalk, as well as in tumor metastasis, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. Syntenin interacts with proteins involved in exosome biogenesis, indicating its role in intracellular membrane rearrangement and cargo loading into exosomes.
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