Phospho KAP-1 (S824) refers to the phosphorylated form of the KRAB-associated protein 1 (KAP-1) at the serine 824 residue. KAP-1 is a transcriptional cofactor that interacts with KRAB-domain transcription factors to mediate repression. Phosphorylation at Ser824 may disrupt KAP-1's ability to associate with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), affecting its role in transcriptional repression and chromatin compaction. Phospho KAP-1 (S824) is involved in the replication of certain viruses, including human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, by enhancing viral gene transcription and creating favorable conditions for viral replication. Increased KAP-1 and phospho KAP-1 (S824) levels are observed in highly invasive breast cancer tissues compared to noninvasive breast cancer, suggesting a role in the regulation of malignant tumor behavior. Research indicates that phospho KAP-1 (S824) can improve the survival and proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells after ischemia/reperfusion injury by maintaining the stability of PCNA, a marker of NSC proliferation. Phospho KAP-1 (S824) is also involved in the regulation of DNA damage repair, with phosphorylation at this site being a marker for sustained ATM activity at an unrepaired site of damage.
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