SOD2, or manganese superoxide dismutase, is a critical enzyme found in the mitochondria of almost all cells in the body. Its primary function is to dismutate superoxide radicals into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, thus protecting the body from the harmful effects of free radicals. SOD2 is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and is implicated in a variety of biological processes, including aging, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. In the context of cancer, SOD2 has been linked to tumor progression. It is often upregulated in various cancer types, including lung, breast, colon, and brain cancers, and is associated with poor prognosis, distant metastasis, and lower overall survival rates. SOD2 also plays a significant role in mitochondrial function and has been implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration. It is suggested that SOD2, by converting superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide, can modulate cellular signaling pathways involved in cell survival, death, and differentiation. Moreover, SOD2 has been studied for its potential role in radiotherapy resistance.
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