The growth hormone receptor (GHR) is a cell surface receptor that binds to growth hormone (GH), a hormone responsible for stimulating growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans. When GH binds to GHR, it triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling events, including the activation of JAK2/STAT, MAPK, and PI3K pathways, which play crucial roles in growth and development. GHR is highly expressed in liver cells but also found in other tissues such as the kidneys, skeletal muscle, and the central nervous system. Mutations or alterations in the GHR can lead to growth abnormalities and have been implicated in conditions like Laron syndrome, which is characterized by dwarfism and high levels of GH due to GHR insensitivity. Understanding the structure and function of GHR is vital for developing therapeutic strategies for growth-related disorders.
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