The RPE65 protein, also known as Retinoid isomerohydrolase, is a crucial protein produced in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. PE65 protein serves as a key isomerohydrolase in the visual cycle, involved in the regeneration of 11-cis-retinal, which is the chromophore of rod and cone cell visual pigments. It catalyzes the cleavage and isomerization of all-trans-retinyl fatty acid esters to produce 11-cis-retinol, which is further oxidized by 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase to 11-cis-retinal. RPE65 protein exists in two forms: soluble sRPE65 and membrane-bound mRPE65. The latter is palmitoylated and serves as a palmitoyl donor for lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), which catalyzes a step in the regeneration of vitamin A to all-trans-retinol.
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