Runx1 is a crucial transcription factor that binds to the core elements of many enhancers and promoters, regulating the expression of specific genes. This protein plays a pivotal role in cellular development, particularly in the development of hematopoietic stem cells. RUNX1 interacts with CBFβ (core-binding factor β) to form a set of transcription factors, and this interaction is essential in the development of neurons and hematopoietic stem cells. However, when CBFβ undergoes translocation, it can form a fusion protein CBFβ-SMMHC that abnormally binds tightly to RUNX1, participating in the pathogenesis of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Therefore, the RUNX1−CBFβ interaction is also considered an important target for cancer treatment. Furthermore, research on RUNX1 protein has revealed its association with a range of cancers, particularly leukemia. Chromosome translocations involving the RUNX1 gene have been clearly linked to several types of leukemia.
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