KIM-1 is a protein the most highly upregulated in injured kidneys by various types of insults. Its upregulation during renal injury has been found in the kidneys of the vertebrates such as Zebrafish and humans. KIM-1 is also a member of the TIM (T cell transmembrane, immunoglobulin, and mucin) gene family, which plays critical roles in regulating immune cell activity especially regarding the host response to viral infection. It is involved in allergic response, asthma, and transplant tolerance.