PTEN is a dual-specificity phosphatase at two levels. First, PTEN has been shown to dephosphorylate protein substrates on serine/threonine and tyrosine residues, thus acting as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase. One example is the tyrosine dephosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) to inhibit cell spreading. Second, PTEN also dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) — hence, PTEN is also a dual-specificity phosphatase in the sense that it dephosphorylates lipid substrates in addition to protein substrates.
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