The Autobio prostate specific antigen (PSA) chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) kit is intended for the quantitative determination of PSA concentration in human serum.
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 34,000D, was first isolated by Wang et. Al. in 1979. PSA is a kallikrein-like serine protease that is produced exclusively by the epithelial cells of the prostate. PSA is immunologically specific for prostatic tissue, it is present in normal, benign hyperplastic, and malignant prostatic tissue, in metastatic prostatic carcinoma, and also in prostatic fluid and seminal plasma. It may serve as an accurate marker for assessing response to treatment in patients with prostatic cancer. Therefore, measurement of serum PSA concentrations can be an important tool in monitoring patients with prostatic cancer and in determining the potential and actual effectiveness of surgery or other therapies. 30-50% of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia have elevated serum PSA concentrations, depending on the size of the prostate and the degree of obstruction, and the concentrations are increased in 25~92% of patients with prostate cancer, depending on tumour volume. Elevated levels have not been reported for cancers of the lung, breast, colon, rectum, stomach, pancreas or thyroid.
Digital rectal examination, cystoscopic examination and prostate biopsy all can cause elevations of the serum PSA concentration. Conditions such as bacterial prostatitis and acute urinary retention also can increase the serum PSA level.
Recent studies also indicate that PSA measurements can enhancce early prostate cancer detection when combined with digital rectal examination (DRE). When compared to prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), PSA is a more precise and useful marker in all clinical situations.
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