FACL4 (Fatty Acid-CoA Ligase 4), also known as ACSL4, is an enzyme that belongs to the long-chain fatty-acid-CoA ligase family, encoded by the ACSL4 gene. This enzyme plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism by converting free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters, which are involved in various metabolic pathways including 尾-oxidation, glycerolipid synthesis, and protein acylation. FACL4 is unique in its preference for arachidonic acid (AA) as a substrate, and it helps regulate the levels of free AA in cells, which is known to induce apoptosis. The protein is highly expressed in tissues such as the brain, testis, ovary, spleen, and adrenal cortex, and its absence may contribute to conditions like intellectual disability or Alport syndrome. Additionally, FACL4 has been implicated in cancer development, with studies showing its upregulation in colon adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting its potential involvement in tumorigenesis.
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