The TCR 纬/未 protein is a distinctive T-cell receptor (TCR) expressed on the surface of 纬未 T cells, composed of a 纬 chain and a 未 chain linked by disulfide bonds to form a heterodimer, belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Unlike the conventional 伪尾 TCR, the 纬未 TCR can directly recognize a broad range of antigens (e.g., phosphorylated metabolites, lipids, stress proteins) without requiring MHC presentation, granting it broader antigen specificity. Its variable (V) region diversity arises from V, (D), and J gene segment rearrangements, though it exhibits less diversity than the 伪尾 TCR. 纬未 T cells are primarily found in mucosal tissues, skin, and the gut, playing crucial roles in early immune defense, tumor surveillance, and tissue repair. They can rapidly secrete cytokines (e.g., IFN-纬, IL-17) or exert cytotoxic effects, serving as key effector cells bridging innate and adaptive immunity.
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