AXL protein is a receptor tyrosine kinase and a member of the Tyro3-Axl-Mer (TAM) subfamily, characterized by an extracellular domain with two immunoglobulin-like motifs and two fibronectin type-III motifs. It transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding to the vitamin K-dependent protein Gas6. This binding induces AXL dimerization and autophosphorylation, activating downstream molecules like PI3-kinase subunits, GRB2, and PLCG1, which in turn triggers AKT kinase activation. AXL is involved in various cellular functions, including cell survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. It also plays a role in immune modulation by inhibiting Toll-like receptor-mediated innate immune responses. Additionally, AXL serves as a host cell receptor for several viruses, such as Marburg, Ebola, Lassa, and potentially SARS-CoV-2.
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