Phospho-LATS1/2(Ser909/872) refers to the phosphorylated forms of the mammalian Hippo signaling pathway kinases LATS1 (Large Tumor Suppressor 1) and LATS2 at specific serine residues (Ser909 in LATS1 and Ser872 in LATS2). As core components of this pathway, LATS1/2 are activated through phosphorylation by upstream kinases MST1/2, which subsequently phosphorylate downstream effector proteins YAP/TAZ to regulate their nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, degradation, and biological functions, thereby suppressing cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. Phosphorylation at Ser909/872 is likely a critical step in LATS1/2 activation, potentially modulating their kinase activity, stability, or interactions with regulatory proteins. This phosphorylation event is commonly used as a biomarker of Hippo pathway activity, detectable via specific antibodies (e.g., in Western blotting), and is studied in contexts such as cancer and organ development due to the pathway's strong association with tumorigenesis and metastasis. Notably, species-specific variations or splice isoforms may alter residue numbering, and functional validation often involves mutagenesis experiments (e.g., phosphomimetic glutamic acid substitutions or non-phosphorylatable alanine mutations) to assess impacts on pathway regulation.
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