SPTB (Spectrin Beta Chain, Erythrocytic) is one of the key proteins in the erythrocyte skeleton and belongs to the spectrin family. It is mainly composed of multiple spectrin repeating units, which form a flexible 伪-helical structure, giving SPTB a high degree of elasticity and mechanical stability. SPTB binds to 伪-spectrin (SPTA1) to form a heterodimer, which is further assembled into a tetramer, forming the main reticular structure of the erythrocyte skeleton, maintaining the morphology and mechanical strength of erythrocytes, enabling them to withstand shear forces in blood circulation. In addition, SPTB also stabilizes the cell membrane and regulates the mechanical properties of the cell membrane by interacting with other skeleton proteins such as ankyrin, actin, and protein 4.1. SPTB gene mutations can lead to hemolytic anemia diseases such as hereditary spherocytosis because they affect the integrity and function of the erythrocyte skeleton. SPTB is also expressed in non-erythrocytes and participates in processes such as cell morphology maintenance, cell migration, and signal transduction.
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