The RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products) protein is a multiligand receptor belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, widely expressed in various cell types such as endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, neurons, and immune cells. Its primary function involves binding to multiple ligands, including AGEs, HMGB1, and S100 proteins, to regulate processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress, cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Under physiological conditions, RAGE expression is relatively low; however, it is significantly upregulated in pathological states such as chronic inflammation, diabetes, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Activation of RAGE typically occurs through signaling pathways like NF-魏B and MAPK, promoting the expression of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress-related molecules, thereby exacerbating tissue damage and disease progression. As a result, RAGE is considered a critical molecular target in various chronic diseases, and research into its inhibitors holds potential therapeutic value.
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