ZO-1 (zonula occludens-1) protein is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family and a key component of tight junctions, which are crucial for maintaining the integrity and permeability of epithelial and endothelial barriers. It contains three PDZ domains, a SH3 domain, and a guanylate kinase (GUK) domain, allowing it to interact with various transmembrane proteins like claudins, JAM-A, and occludin, as well as cytoplasmic proteins such as cortactin and 伪-catenin. ZO-1 plays a vital role in organizing the cytoskeleton, particularly in endothelial cells, where it controls barrier function, cell migration, and angiogenesis. It also participates in signaling pathways, such as the Hippo-independent YAP/TAZ pathway, influencing cell proliferation and transcriptional regulation. Additionally, ZO-1 interacts with YB-1 to regulate stress granule formation in endothelial cells during angiogenesis, providing cytoprotection against stress.
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