Angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) is a member of the angiopoietin family and functions as a ligand for the TEK/TIE2 receptor, competing with angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1) for binding sites. It plays a critical role in regulating angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. During embryonic development and tumorigenesis, ANGPT2 disrupts the vascular stability mediated by ANGPT1 and can induce endothelial cell apoptosis. Additionally, ANGPT2 is upregulated in various inflammatory diseases, where it contributes to the regulation of inflammation-related signaling pathways. In the tumor microenvironment, ANGPT2 synergizes with VEGF to promote endothelial cell migration and proliferation, acting as a pro-angiogenic signal. It also plays a role in lymphangiogenesis and serves as a prognostic biomarker in several cancers, including renal, liver, cervical, and gastric cancers.
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