TRPC5 (Transient Receptor Potential Channel 5) is a Ca²⁺-permeable non-selective cation channel that plays a crucial role in regulating instinctive behaviors and physiological functions. It is highly expressed in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus and amygdala. TRPC5 is activated downstream of G-protein coupled receptors and is involved in converting sensory stimuli into electrical signals. Recent studies have shown that TRPC5 is essential for regulating feeding behavior, anxiety, and social interactions. In humans and mice, TRPC5 deficiency or mutations lead to obesity, anxiety, autism, and postpartum depression. This is mediated through its actions on specific neurons in the hypothalamus, including Pomc and oxytocin (OXT) neurons. In particular, TRPC5 regulates food intake by modulating the activity of Pomc neurons and influences maternal behavior through its effects on OXT neurons. In addition to its role in the brain, TRPC5 is also expressed in cardiomyocytes, where it may contribute to cardiac function and pathological processes. Overall, TRPC5 represents a key molecular player in linking sensory inputs to behavioral and physiological responses, and its dysfunction can have significant impacts on health.
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