P4HB protein, also known as prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta, is a multifunctional protein that belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family. It serves as an oxidoreductase, isomerase, and molecular chaperone, and is involved in the hydroxylation of prolyl residues in preprocollagen, the formation, breakage, and rearrangement of disulfide bonds, and the inhibition of aggregation of misfolded proteins. P4HB is found in various cellular compartments, including the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, cytosol, and the cell surface. It also plays a role in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, prevention of ER stress, and protein misfolding. Additionally, P4HB has been implicated in several types of cancer and may be associated with immune responses, as it strongly co-expresses with immune-related genes and is involved in antigen processing and presentation, as well as protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. High expression levels of P4HB are correlated with worse prognosis in various cancers, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
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