LC3A and LC3B are members of the LC3/GABARAP protein family, playing crucial roles in the process of autophagy. These proteins are involved in the formation and maturation of autophagosomes, which are essential for the cell's degradation and recycling of damaged or unnecessary components. During autophagy, LC3A and LC3B are cleaved from their precursor proteins (Pro-LC3) to form LC3-I, which then get converted to LC3-II by binding to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), signifying the formation of autophagosomes. LC3-II is a component of the autophagosome membrane, and its accumulation is commonly used as a biomarker for autophagy activity. While LC3A and LC3B are functionally similar, their expression may vary across different cell types and tissues, suggesting they might have specific regulatory roles in the autophagy process. In summary, the functions of LC3A and LC3B are primarily associated with the formation of autophagosomes and the regulation of autophagic flux, which are vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to nutrient deprivation.
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