MMP2, also known as gelatinase A or 72 kDa type IV collagenase, is a matrix metalloproteinase that plays a crucial role in the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly type IV collagen, which is a major component of basement membranes. It is involved in multiple physiological processes such as angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and repair. MMP2 also contributes to the breakdown of non-helical collagen and other proteins like fibronectin, laminin, natural insoluble elastin, aggrecan, and vitronectin. The enzyme is expressed by various cell types, including fibroblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, chondrocytes, and monocytes. Furthermore, MMP2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including atherosclerosis and skeletal disorders, and it plays a role in the angiogenesis associated with various diseases by releasing angiogenic factors and assisting in cell migration and adhesion. Understanding the pathological and physiological aspects of MMP2 is essential for developing therapeutic interventions for diseases where it plays a significant role.
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