Calbindin is a calcium-binding protein that plays a significant role in various biological processes. It serves as a calcium-buffering protein that maintains intracellular calcium homeostasis and modulates calcium influx. It is involved in protection against apoptotic cell death by buffering calcium and by inhibiting caspase-3. Calbindin is also implicated in the cytoplasmic transport of calcium and is sometimes referred to as a calcium-binding protein. In the context of Alzheimer's disease, calbindin plays a role in maintaining calcium homeostasis, which is crucial for preventing neurodegeneration. High calcium levels in the hippocampus and cortex, which can result from amyloid beta accumulation and phosphorylated tau tangles, can lead to neuronal damage. Calbindin helps to buffer these high calcium levels, thus protecting neurons.
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