TRPV4 (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4) is a non-selective cation channel that belongs to the transient receptor potential (TRP) family. TRPV4 is a polymodal receptor that is activated by various stimuli, including warm temperature, osmotic changes, and mechanical stress. It is critically involved in physiological processes such as temperature sensation, osmoregulation, and mechanotransduction. TRPV4 is a calcium-permeable cation channel that is detectable in both sensory and nonsensory cells. It is characterized by multimodal activation properties, implicating it in a broad range of functions from osmoregulation to thermosensing. Its mutations are associated with several genetic diseases, such as bone dysplasia, early-onset osteoarthritis, and neuromotor dysfunction. TRPV4 is implicated in the pathophysiology of various cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, pulmonary edema, and arrhythmias. Overactivation of TRPV4 can induce apoptosis, suggesting a role in cell death, which is relevant to cancer progression. Additionally, the expression level of TRPV4 in tumor cells is positively correlated with their metastatic ability, making TRPV4 a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting tumor metastasis.
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