C1QB, or Complement C1q Subcomponent B, is a component of the serum complement system C1 complex. It combines with C1QA and C1QC chains, as well as with the precursor enzymes C1r and C1s, to form C1, which is the first component of the serum complement system. The function of C1QB involves its globular head interacting with the Fc region of immune complexes, triggering the complement cascade, leading to the attack and clearance of pathogens. C1QB plays a crucial role in host defense, participating in the recognition and clearance of immune complexes, promotion of phagocytosis, regulation of cytokine production, and influencing T lymphocyte maturation. Additionally, C1QB is involved in tissue repair, tumor immune surveillance, and the homeostasis regulation of the central nervous system. The function of C1QB is essential for maintaining immune balance and preventing autoimmune diseases, and its role in various physiological and pathological processes indicates its complex involvement in immune regulation and cellular processes.
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