CXCL10, also known as Interferon-gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), is a small molecular weight cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. It is a pleiotropic molecule with multiple functions, including the ability to exert potent biological effects such as promoting chemotaxis of CXCR3+ cells, inducing apoptosis, regulating cell growth and proliferation, and angiogenesis in infectious and inflammatory diseases and cancer. The involvement of CXCL10 and its receptor CXCR3 in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases has been established, including organ-specific diseases (such as type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroiditis, Graves' disease) and systemic diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus). The role of CXCL10 in kidney diseases suggests that it is involved in the development of kidney diseases through the chemoattraction of inflammatory cells, promotion of cell growth, and vascular inhibition. Additionally, CXCL10 has been shown to be an important biomarker for disease severity and can serve as a prognostic indicator for various kidney diseases. CXCL10 is also associated with the occurrence, development, therapeutic efficacy, and prognosis of various tumors.
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