TAF15, or TATA-box binding protein associated factor 15, is an RNA-binding protein belonging to the TET family. It plays a significant role in RNA polymerase II gene transcription as a component of the multi-subunit transcription initiation factor TFIID complexes. TAF15 is involved in various cellular processes, including RNA splicing, transcription, mRNA transport, signaling, modification, translation, and the maintenance of genome integrity. This protein is mainly present in the cell nucleus but is also found in the cell surface and cytoplasm, indicating its extended functionality in regulation and interaction with various proteins. TAF15 has been implicated in the progression of several types of cancer, including extraskeletal myxoid sarcomas, leukemia, neuroblastoma, and lung squamous cell carcinoma. It can influence a large number of genes related to the cell cycle and cell death, and its overexpression has been associated with worsened survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Furthermore, TAF15 is involved in drug tolerance of several cancer cells and can activate the RAF1/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, contributing to cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in gastric cancer. These functions make TAF15 a potential molecular diagnostic marker or therapeutic target for various cancers.
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