ROCK1 (Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 1) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and cytoskeletal remodeling. ROCK1 is involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and stress fiber formation. It achieves this by phosphorylating and modulating the activity of a range of actin-binding proteins and intermediate filament proteins. The kinase activity of ROCK1 is regulated by its interaction with the small GTPase RhoA. When RhoA is activated, it binds to the Rho-binding domain (RBD) of ROCK1, leading to a conformational change that relieves the auto-inhibition of the kinase domain and enhances ROCK1's catalytic activity. ROCK1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. In cancer, ROCK1 has been shown to promote cell proliferation and survival, making it a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In the context of cardiovascular diseases, ROCK1 activity has been associated with hypertension and pulmonary hypertension, as well as the regulation of vascular tone and remodeling.
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